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Test 2 - NRAD
Thoracic & Lumbar Normal Variants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F SBO can be single or multiple, clean smooth line or asymmetric, and can be at any level? | true |
| At what level is SBO most common, and in males or femaliens? | Most common at L5 & S1, most common in males 9:1 ratio |
| What are short lucent transverse lines in mid portion of vertebral body? | Hahn's Venous Clefts. The are most common in lower thoracic spine and may be single or multiple |
| What is a focal herniation (lucency) of the nucleus pulposus through the vertebral endplate outlined by a smooth, well-defined, sclerotic rim? | Schmorl's Node. they can occur anywhere along the AP diameter of the endplate, usually found near the posterior. approx 94% of cases are in children and teenagers, usually assymptomatic |
| ***What is it called when there are 3-4 consecutive Schmorl's Nodes? | Scheuermann Condition, usually seen in athletes and teenagers |
| What is irregularity of the endplate with a residual smooth, undulating cortical surface? | Notochordal Impression (it involves the entire endplate, it's not FOCAL like Schmorl's Node) |
| What is visible on the AP projection where the inferior endplate appears as a "double hump" referred to as "Cupid's Bow Contour"? | Nuclear (notochordal) Impression |
| What is it called when you see a cleft formation within the center of the vertebral body and results in a hour glass shaped lucency? | Butterfly vertebrae |
| Where are Butterfly vertebrae m/c found? | thoracic and lumbar spine, usually symmetrical therefore scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis are NOT associated |
| What is it called when there is a small TRIANGULAR ossicle, seen superior or inferior, and is anteriorly or posteriorly obliquely directed Schmorl's node? | Limbus Bone |
| What is it called when only one lateral ossification center appears, there is a triangular shaped vertebral body, causing a wedge? | Hemivertebrae, may be fused or seperate |
| What does a Hemivertebrae usually result in? | Scoliosis, however if they have one on both sides it can correct any lateral convexity |
| What is it called when there is a SBO of S1 with the ossification center of S1 joined with L5 SP? | Knife-Clasp deformity |
| When a transverse process of L5 measures _____mm or greater in height, it's considered a Transitional segment? | 19mm or greater |
| Where can a transitional segment occur? Where is it most common? | A transitional segment can occur at any region of transition. It is m/c at L/S where it can be Lumbarization or Sacralization |
| T/F To be considered congenital abscence of a Pedicle there must be an increase in size and/or density on the contralateral pedicle? | true |
| If there is an absence of a pedicle on one side and a non-sclerotic pedicle on the other, is this ok? | No, you should be worried. you want to see a sclerotic pedicle on one side if there is an absence of a pedicle on the other |
| What is it called when there in non-union of the tip of the inferior articular process? | Oppenheimer's Ossicle, it is m/c in the Lumbar |
| What is it called when there is asymmetry of the facet articulation from side to side (only one joint space is visible)? | Facet Tropism |
| Where is Facet Tropism m/c seen? | L5/S1 |
| What is L/S transitional segment causing scoliosis and radiating leg pain (sciatica)? | Bertolotti's Syndrome |
| What type of normal variance is rarely seen in males and is most commonly seen bilaterally in females that have had multiple births? | Paraglenoid Sulci |
| What is Cystic Calcification seen at the site of muscular injections, it can be caused by long term steriod use? | Injection Granuloma |
| What are concretions, representing calcification of thrombi attached to the walls of veins, it is commonly mistaken for bladder stones? | Phleboliths |
| Where are Phleboliths most commonly seen? | Within the pelvic basin below the ischial spines |
| What represents the m/c deformity in the thoracic wall, the sternum will be displaced posteriorly? | Pectus Excavatum (funnel chest) |
| ***What is the m/c anomaly of the ribs? | Anterior bifurcation of ribs |
| What is rib synostosis? | It is when posterior ribs fuse together. |
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