marketing 6-10 Crossword!!

Question	Answer
Economic Buyers	People who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction from spending their time and money.
Economic Needs	Needs concerned with making the best use of a consumer's time and money-as the consumer judges it.
Needs	The basic forces that motivate a person to do something.
Wants	Needs that are learned during a person's life.
Drive	A strong stimulus that encourages action to reduce a need.
Physiological Needs	Biological needs such as the need for food, drink, rest, and sex.
Safety Needs	Needs concerned with protection and physical well-being.
Social Needs	Needs concerned with love,friendship,status, and esteem-things that involve a person's interaction with others.
Personal Needs	An individual's need for personal satisfaction unrelated to what others think or do.
Perception	How we gather and interpret information from the world around us.
Selective Exposure	Our eyes and minds seek out and notice only information that interests us.
Selective Perception	People screen out or modify ideas, messages, and information that conflict with previously learned attitudes and beliefs.
Selective Retention	People remember only what they want to remember.
Learning	A change in a person's thought processes caused by prior experience.
Cues	Products, signs, ads, and other stimuli in the environment.
Response	An effort to satisfy a drive.
Reinforcement	Occurs in the learning process when the comsumer's response is followed by satisfaction-that is, reduction in the drive.
Attitude	A person's point of view toward something.
Belief	A person's opinion of something.
Expectation	An outcome or event that a person anticipates or looks forward to.
Trust	The confidence a person has in the promises or actions of another person, brand, or company.
Psychographics	The analysis of a person's day-to-day pattern of living as expressed in that persons Activities, Interests, and Opinions-sometimes referred to as AIOs or lifestyle analysis.
Lifestyle Analysis	aka Psychographics
Social Class	A group of people who have approximately equal social position as viewed by others in the society.
Reference Group	The people to whom an individual looks when forming attitudes about a particular topic.
Opinion Leader	A person who influences others.
Culture	The whole set of beliefs, attitudes, and ways of doing things of a reasonably homogeneous set of people.
Extensive Problem Solving	The type of problem solving consumers use for a completely new or important need-when they put much effort into deciding how to satify it.
Limited Problem Solving	When a consumer is willing to put some effort into deciding the best way to satisfy a need.
Routinized Response Behavior	When consumers regularly select a particular way of satisfying a need when it occurs.
Low-Involvement Purchases	Purchases that have little importance or relevance for the customer.
Dissonance	Tension caused by uncertainty about the rightness of a decision.
Adoption Process	The steps individuals go through on the way to accepting or rejecting a new idea.
Business and Organizational Customers	Any buyers who buy for resale or to produce other goods and services.
Purchasing Specifications	A written(or electronic)description of what the firm wants to buy.
ISO 9000	A way for a supplier to document its quality procedures according to internationally recognized standards.
Purchasing Managers	Buying specialists for their employers.
Multiple Buying Influence	Several people share in making a purchase decision-perhaps even top manaagement.
Buying Center	All the people who participate in or influence a purchase.
Vendor Analysis	Formal rating of suppliers on all relevant areas of performance.
Requisition	A request to buy something.
New-task Buying	When an organization has a new need and the buyer wants a great deal of information.
Straight Rebuy	A routine repurchase that may have been made many times before.
Modified Rebuy	The in-between process where some review of the buying situation is done-though not as much as in new-task buying or as little as in straight rebuys.
Competitive Bids	Terms of sale offered by different suppliers in response to the buyer's purchase specifications.
Just-in-time Delivery	Reliably getting products there just before the customer needs them.
Negotiated Contract Buying	Agreeing to a contract that allows for changes in the purchase arrangements.
Outsource	When the buying organization chooses to contract with an outside firm to produce goods or services rather then producing them internally.
NAICS	North American Industry Classification System. Codes used to identify groups of firms in similar lines of business. Replace SIC
Open to buy	A buyer has budgeted funds that he can spend during the current time period.
Resident Buyers	Independent buying agents who work in central markets for several retailer or wholesaler customers based in outlying areas or other countries.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act	Passed by Congress in 1977 tha prohibits U.S. firms from paying bribes to foreign officials.
Marketing Research	Procedures to develop and analyze new information to help marketing managers make decisions.
Marketing Information System (MIS)	An organized way of continually gathering, accessing, and analyzing information that marketing managers need to make ongoing decisions.
Intranet	A system for linking computers within a company.
Data Warehouse	A place where databases are stored so that they are available when needed.
Decision Support System (DSS)	A computer program that makes it easy for marketing managers to get and use information as they are making decisions.
Search Engine	A computer program that helps a marketing manager find information that is needed.
Marketing Dashboard	Displaying up-to-the-minute marketing data in an easy-to-read format.
Marketing Model	A statement of relationships among marketing variables.
Scientific Method	A decision-making approach that focuses on being objective and orderly in testing ideas before accepting them.
Hypotheses	Educated guesses about the relationships between things or about what will happen in the future.
Marketing Research Process	A five-step application of the scientic method that includes 1) defining the problem, 2) Analyzing the situation, 3) getting problem-specific data, 4) interpreting the data, and 5) solving the problem.
Situation Analysis	An informal study of what information is already available in the problem area.
Secondary Data	Information that has been collected or published already.
Primary Data	Information specifically collected to solve a current problem.
Research Proposal	A plan that specifies what marketing research information will be obtained and how.
Qualitative Research	Seeks in-depth, open-ended responses, not yes or no answers.
Focus Group Interview	An interview of 6 to 10 people in an informal group setting.
Quantitative Research	Seeks structured responses that can be summarized in numbers-like percentages, averages, or other statistics.
Response Rate	The percent of people contacted in a research sample who complete the questionnaire.
Consumer Panels	A group of consumers who provide information on a continuing basis.
Experimental Method	A research approach in which researchers compare the responses of two or more groups that are similar except on the characteristic being tested.
Statistical Packages	Easy-to-use computer programs that analyze data.
Sample	A part of the relevant population.
Confidence Intervals	The range on either side of an estimate from A sample that is likely to contain the true value for the whole population.
Validity	The extent to which data measure what they are intended to measure.
Product	The need-satisfying offering of a firm.
Quality	A product's ability to satisfy a customer's needs or requirements.
Product Assortment	The set of all product lines and individual products that a firm sells.
Product Line	A set of individual products that are closely related.
Individual Product	A particular product within a product line.
Branding	The use of a name, term, symbol, or design-or a combination of these- to identify a product.
Brand Name	A word, letter, or a group of words or letters.
Trademark	Those words, symbols, or marks that are legally registered for use by a single company.
Service Mark	Those words, symbols, or marks that are legally registered for use by a single company to refer to a service offering.
Brand Familiarity	How well customers recognize and accept a company's brand.
Brand Rejection	Potential customers won't buy a brand-unless its image is changed.
Brand Nonrecognition	Final customers don't recognize a brand at all- even though intermediaries may use the brand name for idenification and inventory control.
Brand Recognition	Customers remember the brand.
Brand Preference	Target customers usually choose the brand over other brands, perhaps because of habit or favorable past experience.
Brand Insistence	Customers insist on a firm's branded product and are willing to search for it.
Brand Equity	The value of a brand's overall strength in the market.
Lanham Act	A 1946 law that spells out what kinds of marks (incuding brand names) can be protected and the exact method of protecting them.
Family Brand	A brand name that is used for several products.
Licensed Brand	A well-known brand that sellers pay a fee to use.
Individual Brands	Separate brand names used for each product.
Generic Products	Products that have no brand at all other than identification of their contents and the manufacturer or intermediary.
Manufacturer Brands	Brands created by producers.
Dealer Brands	Brands created by intermediaries-sometimes referred to as private brands.
Private Brands	(same as Dealer Brands)
Battle of the Brands	The competition between the dealer brands and the manufacturer brands.
Packaging	Promoting, protecting, and enhancing the product.
Universal Product Code (UPC)	Special identifying marks for each product readable by electronic scanners.
Federal Fair Packaging and Labeling Act	A 1966 law requiring that consumer goods be clearly labeled in easy-to-understand terms.
Warranty	What the seller promises about its product.
Consumer Products	Products meant for the final customer.
Business Products	Products meant for use in producing other products.
Magnuson-Moss Act	A 1975 law requiring that producers provide clearly written warranty if they choose to offer any warranty.
Convenience Products	Products a consumer needs but isn't willing to spend much time or effort shopping for.
Staples	Products that are bought often, routinely, and without much thought.
Impulse Products	Products that are bought quickly as unplanned purchases because of a strongly felt need.
Shopping Products	Products that a customer feels are worth the time and effort to compare with competing products.
Homogeneous Shopping Products	Shopping products the customer sees as basically the same and wants at the lowest price.
Heterogeneous Shopping Products	Shopping products the customer sees as different and wants to inspect for quality and suitability.
Speciality Products	Consumer products that the customer really wants and makes a special effort to find.
Unsought Products	Products that potential customers don't yet want or know they can buy.
New Unsought Products	Products offering really new ideas that potential customers don't know about yet.
Regularly Unsought Products	Products that stay unsought but not unbought forever.
Derived Demand	Demand for business products derives from the demand for final consumer products.
Expense Item	A product whose total cost is treated as a business expense in the period it's purchased.
Capital Item	A long-lasting product that can be used and depreciated for many years.
Installations	Important capital items such as buildings, land rights, and major equipment.
Accessories	Short-lived capital items-tools and equipment used in production or office activities.
Raw Materials	Unprocessed expense items-such as logs, iron ore, and wheat- that are moved to the next production process with little handling.
Farm Products	Products grown by farmers, such as oranges, sugar cane, and cattle.
Natural Products	Products that occur in nature-such as timber, iron ore, oil, and coal.
Components	Processed expense items that become part of a finished product.
Supplies	Expense items that do not become part of a finished product.
Professional Services	Specialized services that support a firm's operations.
Product Life Cycle	The stages a new product idea goes through from beginning to end.
Market Introduction	A stage of the product life cycle when sales are low as a new idea is first introduced to a market.
Market Growth	A stage of the product life cycle when industry sales grow fast-but industry profits rise then start falling.
Market Maturity	A stage of the product life cycle when industry sales level off and competition gets tougher.
Sales Decline	A stage of the product life cycle when new products replace the old.
Fashion	Currently accepted or popular style.
Fad	An idea that is fashionable only to certain groups who are enthusiastic about it- but these groups are so fickle that a fad is even more short-lived than a regular fashion.
New Product	A product that is new in any way for the company concerned.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)	Federal government agency that policies antimonopoly laws.
Consumer Product Safety Act	A 1972 law that set up the Consumer Product Safety Commission to encourage more awareness of safety in product design and better quality control.
Product Liability	The legal obligation of sellers to pay damages to individuals who are injured by defective or unsafe products.
Concept Testing	Getting reactions from customers about how well a new product idea fits their needs.
Product Managers	Manage specific products, often taking over the jobs formerly handled by an advertising manager-sometimes called brand managers.
Total Quality Management (TQM)	The philosophy that everyone in the organization is concerned about quality, throughout all of the firm's activities, to better serve customer needs.
Continuous Improvement	A commitment to constantly make things better one step at a time.
Pareto Chart	A graph that shows the number of times a problem cause occurs, with problem causes ordered from most frequent to least frequent.
Fishbone Diagram	A visual aid that helps organize cause and effect relationships for "things gone wrong".
Empowerment	Giving employees the authority to correct a problem without first checking with management.

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Created by:

Alicia Mendez on 2011-10-17